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Diligence in contrast with Inferiority (Synthesis: Competence)

The Physical, Ethical and Time Space of Man | The Stages of a Life Cycle | The Systems and Roles of Man | Autonomy in Contrast with Shyness and Doubt (synthesis: Willpower) | Initiative in Contrast with Guilt (synthesis: Purposefulness) | Diligence in contrast with Inferiority (Synthesis: Competence) | Intimacy in Contrast with Isolation (Synthesis: Love) | Generativity in contrast with Stagnation (Synthesis: thoughtfulness) | Integrity in contrast with despair (synthesis: wisdom)

Diligence in contrast with Inferiority (Synthesis: Competence)

This stage is made up of more or less the primary school years from eight years to the beginning of puberty. Tendencies of the previous stage is continued more strongly. Children are set to achieve certain skills needed in the adult life. Society helps by offering education. It is important for the child to be successful and an important element of education is to give the child the opportunity to be successful and in such a way, to prevent feelings of inferiority. The child wants to play and compete with friends of his own gender.
Successful achievement of necessary skills leads to the synthesis of competence.

Identity in contrast with confusion of identity (Synthesis: Reliability)

The identity crisis of the adolescent is the central problem of this stage. It is the task of the adolescent to obtain a feeling of identity. This feeling is made up of three components:

the individuals certainty of his or her characteristics (meaning, an answer to the question: who am I?)
certainty about social identity (meaning, an answer to the question: to which group/groups do I belong?)
certainty about own values and ideals (meaning, an answer to the question: what do I want to achieve?)

The internal cause of this crisis lies in the bodily and physical changes that occurs during puberty, namely, changes in stature, intensifying of the urges and specifically the sexual urge and the reproductive power, that is reached in puberty.
In order to solve the identity crisis, adolescents experiment with various possibilities; sometimes they relapse into previous identifications; they form firm friendships and group bonding with peers; they form new identifications; they often experience his/her-worship and rebel against the accepted norms of society.

Society offers a certain amount of grace in their search for identity, not alone
through formal institutions like high schools, colleges and universities, but also by allowing young people certain liberties (as shown in sayings like “the youth/students are like that”).

The ideal answer to the identity crisis, lies in a synthesis between the two poles, identity and identity-confusion, which leads to reliability. This means that the individuals must have certainty concerning their identity and at the same time, be aware of other choices of identity that they could have made, as well as other possibilities that they have within themselves.

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